Foreign Exchange
The business relations between banks located in different countries do not differ in any essential respect from those between banks located in the same country. Interchange of checks, the conduct of checking accounts, shipments of cash, and borrowin... Foreign Exchange
THE NATURE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE [103]The bill, or order to pay money in a foreign centre, is the commodity that is actually bought and sold by dealers in foreign exchange, but it is better for the moment to leave bills out of consideration. They... Index Numbers
[30]Index numbers are used to indicate changes in the value of money. The objects for which this measurement is undertaken are thus well stated by Sir R. Giffen (Second Report of the committee appointed for the purpose of investigating the best me... International Bimetallism
[15]... There are natural and commercial causes which may operate to produce either an incessant fluctuation in the relative value of silver and gold, or a wide and increasing divergence, from year to year, through a long period, from the ratio of e... Land Banks
In Europe an important group of institutions has developed for the supplying of agriculture and the building industries with the capital needed in their operations. The greatest number and variety of these are in Germany, in which their development ... Legal Tender
The essential idea of "legal tender" is that quality given to money by law which obliges the creditor to receive it in full satisfaction of a past debt when expressed in general terms of the money of a country. A debt is a sum of money due by cont... Monetary Systems Of Foreign Countries
ENGLAND[89] [90]The monetary unit is the pound, or sovereign, equal to $4.8665, divided into 20 shillings of 12 pence each, each penny equal to 4 farthings. Originally the pound was a Troy pound of silver, .925 fine. Under the law of 1816 gold ... National Banks
Our national banking system owes its existence to financial exigencies of the federal government experienced during the Civil War. For a considerable period preceding the outbreak of that struggle the expenses of the government had exceeded its rece... Operation Of The System
The most noteworthy features of the working of this machinery may be discussed under the heads: conflict of functions and laws; loan operations; treasury operations; reserve system; absence of elasticity in the currency. (a) Conflict of Functions... Plans For Reform
On account of the defects in our system of banking, there has been long-continued agitation for reform, increasing in scope and intensity in recent years. After the crisis of 1907, which revealed these defects to many persons who had not observed th... Protection Against Unsound Practices
Commercial banks are an essential part of the machinery by which the agriculture, industry, and commerce of a country are carried on, and their proper conduct is, therefore, a matter of public concern. On this account they have long been subjects of... Qualities Of The Material Of Money
[4]Many recent writers, such as Huskisson, MacCulloch, James Mill, Garnier, Chevalier, and Walras, have satisfactorily described the qualities which should be possessed by the material of money. Earlier writers seem, however, to have understood the ... Rates
Besides rates of exchange considered in the preceding chapter, commercial banks are concerned with loan and discount rates. Rates on deposits, though sometimes employed, have no place in commercial banking, since commercial deposits are only the c... Saving And Savings Institutions
Saving is an individual matter for which the essential conditions are the development of the instinct to make provision against uncertainties of future income and to better the material condition of one's self and family, and a surplus of income abo... Savings Banks
[93]The savings bank works with those unacquainted with the ways of business and who could not single handed take good care of their money, or invest it safely or profitably. The bank of discount is generally managed by business men versed in the wa...

Operation Of The System Land Banks Collections Services Performed By Banking Institutions Commercial Paper Foreign Exchange Classification Of Banking Institutions State Banks

The Selection Of Loans And Discounts Trust Companies The Supply Of Cash The Operation Of Discount The Interrelations Of These Institutions The English System The German System The Conduct Of Checking Accounts